Greek Economy
Agriculture
The Greek economy depends a lot on agriculture. One quarter of the Greek workforce is
engaged in farming, and agriculture constitutes about 15% of the domestic production. Not
much attention has been drawn on the agricultural sector of the economy. The farms are
pretty small, the division of inheriting land has reduced the average size to 3,4
hectares (8 acres) and it is really difficult to use mechanised equipment efficiently.
Yields are also low due to the dryness and erosion of the soil.
Let's take a look at the yearly output of some major crops: tobacco 142000, wheat 2.6
million, tomatoes 1.9 million, oranges 780000, corn 2.1 million, sugar beet 1.9 million,
grapes 1.6 million, olives 1.5 million, potatoes 850000 and cotton 222000. Livestock
included some 10.8 million sheep, 3.5 million goats, 800000 head of cattle, 31 million
poultry and 1.2 million pigs.
Forestry and Fishing
The Greek government owns the two-thirds of the forestland and has materialised her plans
i.e. to replace the trees that were destroyed during World War II. About 2.9 million cu m
of timber were annually cut in the late 80's and approximately the 75% of the harvest was
hardwood.
Fish exports are limited because of the widespread consumption of fish products within
Greece. However in recent years thousands of tons of fish are exported each year, due to
the ever increasing development of fish farms in the country. In the late 80's the annual
catch totalled 135000 tons, from which 80% was consumed within Greece. Sponges are the
main marine product exported.
Mining
Mining is of little importance to the Greek economy. We should mention though the annual
output of minerals in tons: bauxite 2.3 million, iron ore 1.3 million and magnesite
884400. Also, about 279200 cu m of marble were quarried. Petroleum, salt, chromium,
silver, zinc were also produced.
Manufacturing
Approximately one fifth of the Greek workforce is engaged in manufacturing, which
contributes 18% of the annual gross production. The manufactured
products include: food, beverages, tobacco, textiles, clothing, chemicals, cement and
wine. Athens is the manufacturing center of Greece.
Currency and Banking
The national currency of Greece is drachma. The central banking institution is the Bank
of Greece. The biggest banks of Greece are the National Bank of Greece, with 470 domestic
branches and the Agricultural Bank of Greece with 420 branches.
Foreign Trade
Generally Greece spends each year much more on imports than it receives from exports.
This "imbalance" is offset to a certain extent by tourist revenues and by remittances
from Greeks living abroad. In the 80's the imports totalled 3 trillion drachmas and
exports earned 1.5 trillion drachmas. The imports were mostly machinery, petroleum and
chemicals. The main exports were fruits and vegetables, clothing, textiles and furs,
beverages and tobacco, petroleum products, non-ferrous metal, iron and steel. The
principal trade patterns were: Germany, Italy, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands,
the United States and Japan. The countries of the European Union account for more that
60% of Greece's yearly total trade.
Tourism
Greek economy depends a lot on tourism. Due to the many archaeological places and
buildings, the sun, the blue sky, the sea and the Mediterranean climate, many people
visit each year Greece. In the late 80's 8.1 million tourists visited Greece. The
receipts from tourism were totalled 300 billion drachmas.
Bibliography:
"Encarta" Encyclopaedia, 'Greece', Microsoft, 1996
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